Normalizing Wastewater Data

In this white paper, we propose a framework for selecting and evaluating normalization approaches for any wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) application. At minimum, a normalization approach must be theoretically justified and logistically practical. Additionally, normalization approaches may provide direct estimates of the effect being accounted for, improve representation of external trends, and/or improve the interpretability of the data.

In this white paper, you’ll learn:

• Why wastewater normalization is important and how it works. 
• The pros and cons of using marker normalization and metadata normalization. 
• How to evaluate presumed environmental effects and practical constraints of the specific WBE application to choose a normalization approach.